The composition of computer hardware.

The computer is composed of five logical components, such as an operation unit, a controller, a memory, an input device and an output device.

1. Arithmetic machine

The arithmetic unit is composed of arithmetic logic unit (ALU), accumulator, state register, general purpose register group, etc. The basic skills of arithmetic logic operation unit (ALU) can be addition, subtraction, multiplication, division four operations, and, or, not, or other logical operations, as well as shift, complement and other operations. When the computer is running, the operation and the type of operation of the arithmetic machine are determined by the controller. The data processed by the computer comes from the memory; The result data after processing is usually sent back to the memory, or temporarily stored in the computer. Together with the Control Unit, it forms the core of the CPU.

2. Controller

The controller (Control Unit) is the control center of the entire computer system, which directs all parts of the computer to work in a coordinated manner to ensure that the computer operates and handles in an orderly manner according to the predetermined goals and steps. The controller takes out the instructions from the memory one by one, analyzes what operation is stipulated by each instruction and the storage location of the required data, etc., and then sends a control signal to the other components of the computer according to the results of the analysis, and uniformly directs the entire computer to complete the operation specified by the instruction. The process of automatic work of the computer is actually the process of automatic execution of the program, and each instruction in the program is analyzed and executed by the controller, which is the main device for the computer to achieve "program control".

The controller and the arithmetic Unit are usually called the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Industrial production always uses the most advanced VLSI technology to manufacture central processing units, or CPU chips. It is the core device of the computer. Its performance, mainly the working speed and calculation accuracy, has a comprehensive impact on the overall performance of the machine.

The core of the hardware system is the Central Processing Unit (CPU). It is mainly composed of a controller, an arithmetic device, etc., and a chip made of a large-scale integrated circuit process, also known as a microprocessor chip.

3. Memory

Memory is the memory device in a computer system used to store programs and data. All information in a computer, including raw input data, computer programs, intermediate and final results, is stored in memory. It stores and retrieves information according to the location specified by the controller. With memory, the computer has memory function, in order to ensure normal work. According to the purpose of memory can be divided into main memory (memory) and auxiliary memory (external memory), there are also divided into external memory and internal memory classification methods. External storage is usually magnetic media or optical discs, which can store information for a long time. Memory refers to the storage component on the mainboard. It is used to store the data and programs that are currently running. However, it is only used to store the programs and data temporarily.

4. Enter the device

A device that inputs data and information to a computer. It is the bridge between the computer and the user or other devices. The input device is one of the main devices for information exchange between the user and the computer system. Keyboard, mouse, camera, scanner, light pen, handwriting pad, joystick, voice input device, etc. are all input devices. An input device (InputDevice) is a device that interacts with a computer by a person or an outside person to input raw data and the programs that process those numbers into the computer. The computer can receive a variety of data, both numerical data, can also be a variety of non-numerical data, such as graphics, images, sound, etc. can be input to the computer through different types of input devices for storage, processing and output.

5. Output the device

Output Device (Output Device) is the terminal device of the computer, which is used to receive the output display, printing, sound, and control the operation of peripheral devices. It is also a variety of calculation results data or information in the form of numbers, characters, images, sounds, etc.

6. Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit (CPU), which consists of an arithmetic unit and a controller, is the essential core component of any computer system. The CPU is composed of an arithmetic device and a controller, which are respectively realized by an arithmetic circuit and a control circuit.